Welcome to Arginineinfo.com

  The source for the real story behind the powerful amino acid l-arginine.

Arginine

  The semi-essential amino acid that has been shown may help in the effects of cardiovascular disease and many other inflammatory conditions.

What is Arginine?

  Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that is generally found in red meat and other high cholesterol foods.  Your body needs at least 3 grams of Arginine per day in order to live.  Recently, Arginine has been shown to offer benefits to people with risk factors including:  arteriolosclerosis, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, erectile dysfunction and many other health challenges.

How Does It Work?

  Arginine is a precursor to nitric oxide, meaning that the body converts Arginine into nitric oxide gas.  Nitric oxide is then used by the body to do many different things.  In fact, the discovery of the Nitric Oxide Pathway was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1998.

Nobel Prize Winning Research

  In 1998, three Americans were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their discovery of the Nitric Oxide Pathway.  They were able to demonstrate that the body uses Nitric Oxide gas to make blood vessels relax,elastic and dilated, a significant finding in the battle against heart disease and other vascular diseases.

What Is Nitric Oxide?

  Over 20,000 articles in the medical literature since 1980 attest that “absolutely everything in the body depends on it.” Its function in human physiology is so important that the American Academy of Science named Nitric Oxide the “Molecule of the year” in 1992. The Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to scientists who began the research on Nitric Oxide in 1998 and now NO has been referred to as “The Molecule of the Millennium”.

Dr. Jonathan S. Stamler, a professor of medicine at Duke University Medical Center, put it best when he said of Nitric Oxide:

“It does everything, everywhere. You cannot name a major cellular response or physiological effect in which [Nitric Oxide] is not implicated today. It’s involved in complex behavioral changes in the brain, airway relaxation, beating of the heart, dilation of blood vessels, regulation of intestinal movement, function of blood cells, the immune system, even how fingers and arms move.”

  There are three types of NO. Endothelial-derived NO diffuses out of endothelial cells (cells lining arteries and veins) and into smooth muscle cells of arteries enhancing relaxation and other properties of vascular physiology. Endothelial-derived NO also functions in platelets (blood cells responsible for blood clots) to inhibit aggregation or blood clotting. Brain-derived NO affects several types of nerve cells and appears to be important in neurotransmitter pathways in both the central as well as peripheral nervous system and regulates the production and release of many hormones. Macrophage-derived NO is important in the immune system. This type of NO helps macrophages, a type of immune cell, kill bacteria and tumor cells. So, NO is important to the nervous system, the immune system and the vascular system, which supplies nutrients to all parts of the body. Arginine, when combined with Oxygen, forms NO. Arginine, is a great all natural source of all forms of NO.

What Does Nitric Oxide Do For Blood Vessels

In a healthy endothelium, Nitric Oxide:

-Keeps vessels pliable and elastic

-Keeps blood flowing smoothly

-Keeps platelets calm and prevents them from sticking to the vessel wall

-Keeps white blood cells calm and prevents them from sticking to the vessel wall

-Regulates oxidative enzymes in the cell, preventing oxidation

-Reduces growth and multiplication of muscle cells that thicken the vessel wall

-Slows plaque growth and suppresses atherosclerosis

-Melts away or shrinks plaque that already exists

Every major disease process today is directly or indirectly related to deficiency in  NO, especially with a population with many risk factors  Diabetes, Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, Hypercholesterolemia, Cancer, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, Sickle cell anemia, Scleroderma, Renal Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Atherosclerosis are all associated with decreased levels of NO. With the exception of Cancer, where NO functions in the immune system, most of these disease processes involve the vascular system and Endothelial derived Nitric Oxide (EDNO).

The primary function of EDNO is vascular homeostasis, or balance. NO maintains vascular health by enhancing endothelial reactivity. The endothelium is the inner lining of the blood vessels and as long as the endothelium remains reactive, they are supple, pliable and flexible. They are able to respond appropriately to the various changes that occur in blood vessels in the course of normal and abnormal physiology. When NO decreases, the vessels may become stiff and rigid. This is called Atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries. When we develop Atherosclerosis, the results may include high blood pressure, heart attack and stroke and ultimately death. As long as we have plenty of NO, as supplied by the Arginine, our blood pressure may remain low and we may have protection from many of the consequences of the aging process.

What Is The Endothelium?

All blood vessels are lined with a coat of endothelial cells.  The blood vessels in you skin, brain, heart, and all of your organs are lined with this film of tissue.  Only one cell layer thick, the endothelium seems almost immaterial, so thin that it cannot be seen by the naked eye.  It could even be considered the largest organ in the body.  Because this almost invisible veil lines all blood vessels, and because the body is comprised of about 100,000 miles of blood vessels, the endothelium has the surface area of eight tennis courts.  In fact, if all of the endothelial cells in the body were lumped together, they would weigh as much as the liver.

The endothelium as a selective filter, allowing some things in and some things out.  It also exerts tremendous control over blood flow and serves as an interface between blood and the vessel wall.  This delicate tissue is a dynamic factory, producing a myriad of substances that maintain vessel health.  When it’s healthy, it produces its own forms of heart medicine.

The Many Benefits of Arginine

To date Arginine has been shown in animal as well as human trials that it may be effective in the following:

·        Decreasing and Reversing Atherosclerosis by decreasing intimal thickening and monocyte accumulation

·        Restore normal endothelial function in hypercholesterolemia  

·        Reversing consequences of Coronary Artery Disease  

·        Decreasing cholesterol and triglycerides  

·        Improves walking distance in Peripheral Vascular Disease

·        Improves pain in Interstitial Cystitis

·        Prolonged administration of Arginine reverses adverse effects of High Blood Pressure

·        Decreases High Blood Pressure

·        Decreases post operative infection and length of stay

·        Increases Human Growth Hormone

·        Improves outcome after Bypass Surgery

·        Improves sexual function

·        Improves exercise tolerance

·        Improves renal function

·        Improves glucose uptake in muscle cells

·        Improves Asthma

·        Improves cell mediated immunity

·        Improves pituitary responsiveness and Modulates Hormonal Control

·        Improves muscle performance

·        Improves Diabetes and reverses Damage

·        May prevent Diabetes

·        Reduces blood clots and strokes

·        Helps prevent restenosis after Angioplasty and bypass

·        Helps prevent post surgical damage after intestinal manipulation

·        May improve Irritable Bowel Syndrome

·        Improves osteoporosis

·        May improve prostate function

·        Helps protect in cardiac transplants

·        Improve Scleroderma

·        Improve Sickle Cell Disease

·        Prevent Pre-eclampsia

·        Improves exercise capacity in Pulmonary Hypertension

·        Improves healing

·        Reduces Ulcers

·        Improves Peripheral Vascular Disease

·        Improves outcome in Sepsis

·        Improves Heart Failure

·        Improves outcome of Cancer Treatment

·        Improve Alzheimer’s

·        Improves memory and cognitive functions

To summarize, Arginine is a safe and natural supplement to increase Nitric Oxide production, may be an significant factor in the treatment and reversal of many disease states. The impact of Arginine in preventive healthcare and Anti-Aging is profound, not to mention that it is a safe and effective replacement for Viagra^®.

Arginine An Alternative to Viagra^®?

The 40 and above age group is also the most likely age group to want to use Viagra^®. In the genital tissue, NO triggers the release of c-GMP, which is a molecule that causes engorgement of this tissue. Arginine releases NO to make sure there is plenty of c-GMP.

Viagra^® is a drug that blocks an enzyme to make sure there is plenty of c-GMP. Arginine has been shown to be a safe and effective alternative to Viagra^®. Viagra^® has been reported to be safe; however, the FDA public records suggest the opposite. These records reported that between April of 1998 and May of 1999 there were 1,473 adverse events including 255 serious heart rhythm disturbances, 53 episodes of congestive heart failure (weakened heart), 119 strokes, 517 heart attacks and 522 deaths.

Compare Leading Brands of Arginine

The following are the leading brands of Arginine on the market today.  The comparison is based on amount, formula, available form, purity and price.  The brands are listed in alphabetical order.  Arginineinfo.com does not recommend any specific brand.

References

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52.     Chen J, Wollman Y, Chernichovsky T, et al. Effect of high dose nitric oxide donor L-arginine in men with organic erectile dysfunction. BJU Int 1999 Feb;83(3):269-73

53.     Kobayashi N, Nakamura M, Hiramori K. Effects of infusion of L-arginine on exercise-induced myocardial ischemic changes and capacity to exercise of patients with stable angina pectoris. Coron Artery Dis 1999 Jul;10(5):321-6

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61.     Bradley SJ, Kingwell BA, McConell GK. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition reduces leg glucose uptake but not blood flow during dynamic exercise in humans. Diabetes 1999 Sep; 48(9):1815-21

62.     De Gouw HW, Verbruggen MB, Twiss IM, Sterk PJ. Effect of oral L-arginine on airway hyper-responsiveness to histamine in asthma. Thorax 1999 Nov;54(11):1033-5

63.     De Gouw HW, Marshall-Partridge SJ, et al. Role of nitric oxide in the airway response to exercise in healthy and asthmatic subjects. J Appl Physiol 2001 Feb;90(2):586-92

64.     Boer J, et al. Role of L-arginine deficiency of nitric oxide and airway hyperreactivity after allergen-induced early asthmatic reaction in guinea-pigs. Br J Pharmacol 1999 Nov;128(5):1114-20

65.     Blease K, Kunkel SL, Hogaboam CM. Acute inhibition of nitric oxide exacerbates airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia and C-C chemokine generation in a murinemodel of fungal asthma. Inflamm Res 2000 Jun; 49(6):297-304

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73.     Lawecki J et al. Serum insulin, pancreatic glucagons and growth hormone levels in response to intravenous infusion of L-arginine in patients with recently detected juvenile diabetes. Pol Med Sci Hist Bull 1976 Apr-Jun;15(2):177-82

74.     Valcenti S, et al Biphasic effect of nitric oxide on testosterone and cyclic GMP productionby purified rat Leydig cells cultured in vivo. Int J Androl 1999 Oct; 22(5):336-41

75.     Stevens BR, Godfrey MD, Kaminski TW, Braith RW. High intensity dynamic human muscle performance enhanced by a metabolic intervention. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000 Dec;32(12):2102-8

76.     Piatti PM, Monti LD, Valsecchi G, et al. Long term oral L-arginine administration improves peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2001 MAY;24(5):875-80

77.     Giugliana D, et al. Vascular effects of acute hyperglycemia are reversed by L-arginine. Circulation 1997; 95(7):1783-90

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82.     Wolf A, et al. Dietary L-arginine supplementation normalizes platelet aggregation in hypercholesterolemic humans. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997 Mar 1; 29(3):479

83.     Le Yorneau T, Van Belle E, Corseaux D, et al . Role of nitric oxide in re-stenosis after experimental balloon angioplasty in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit. J Am CollCardiol 1999 Mar;33(3):876-82

84.     Janero DR, Ewing JF. Nitric Oxide and Postangioplasty re-stenosis: Pathologicalcorrelates and therapeutic potential. Free Radic Biol Med 2000 Dec 15;29(12):1199-221

85.     Severin P, et al. Local intramural delivery of l-arginine enhances nitric oxide generation and inhibits lesion formation after balloon angioplasty. Circulation 1997;95(7):1863-9

86.     Thomas S, Ramachandran A, Patra S, et al. Nitric oxide protects the intestine from the damage induced by laparotomy and gut manipulation. J Surg Res 2001 Jul;99(1):25-32

87.Sahin AS, Atalik KE, Gunel E, Dogan N. Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic responses of the human colon smooth muscle and the role of K+channels in these responses.. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2001 Jan-Feb;23(1):13-7

88.     Fini M, et al. Effect of l-lysine and L-arginine on primary osteoblast cultures from normal and osteopenic rats Biomed Pharmacother 2001 May;55(4):213-21

89.     Aikawa K, Yokota T, et al. Endogenous nitric oxide-mediated relaxation and nitrinergic innervation in the rabbit prostate: the change with aging. Prostate 2001 Jun 15;48(1):40-6

90.     Suematsu Y, Ohtsuka T, et al. L-Arginine given after ischemic preconditioning can enhance cardioprotection in isolated rat hearts. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2001, Jun;19(6):873-9

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92.     Kown MH, Van Der Steenhoven T, Uemura S, et al. L-Arginine polymer mediated inhibition of graft coronary artery disease after cardiac transplantation. Transplantation 2001 June 15;71(11):1542-8

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94.     Morric CR, Kuypers FA, et al. Patterns of arginine and nitric oxide in patients with sickle cell disease with vaso-occlusive crisis and acute chest syndrome. J Ped Hemat/Onc 2000 Nov-Dec;22(6):515-20

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106.   Hambrecht R, et al. Correction of endothelial dysfunction in chronic heart failure: additional effects of exercise training and oral L-arginine supplementation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000 Mar 1; 35(3):706-13

107.   Heys SD, et al. Dietary supplementation with L-arginine: Modulation of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with colo-rectal cancer. Br J Surg 1997 Feb;84(2):238-41

108.   Brittenden J, et al. Dietary supplementation with L-arginine in patients with breast cancer(> 4cm.) receiving multi-modality treatment: report of a feasibility study. Br J Cancer 1994 May;69(5):918-21

109.   McCarty MF. Vascular nitric oxide, sex hormone replacement, and fish oil may help to prevent Alzheimer’s disease by suppressing synthesis of acute-phase cytokines. Med Hypotheses 1999 Nov;53(3):369-74

110.   Tarkowski E, et al. Intrathecal release of nitric oxide in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2000 Nov- Dec;11(6):322-6

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114.   Pandhi P, Balakrishnan S. Cognitive dysfunction induced by phenytoin and valproate in rats: effect of nitric oxide. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1999 Jul; 43(3):378-82

115.   Pendergast MA, et al. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition impairs delayed recall in mature monkeys. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1997 Jan;56(1):81-7

116.   Fideieff HL,et al. Reproducibility and safety of the arginine test in normal adults.Medicina (B Aires) 1999; 59(3):249-53

117.   Fagan JM, et al. L-arginine reduces right heart hypertrophy in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999 Jan 8; 254(1):100-3

118.   Nitric oxide and pulmonary hypertension. Coron Artery Dis 1999 Jul; 10(5):287-94